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[Movie] The Imitation Game

The Imitation Game

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This article is about the 2014 film. For the 1980 television play by Ian McEwan, see The Imitation Game (play).
The Imitation Game
The Imitation Game poster.jpg
Theatrical release poster
Directed byMorten Tyldum
Produced by
Written byGraham Moore
Based onAlan Turing: The Enigma 
by Andrew Hodges
Starring
Music byAlexandre Desplat
CinematographyÓscar Faura
Edited byWilliam Goldenberg
Production
companies
Distributed by
Release dates
Running time
114 minutes[1]
Country
  • United Kingdom
  • United States
Language
  • English
  • German
Budget$14 million[2]
Box office$158 million[3]

The Imitation Game is a 2014 historical thriller film directed byMorten Tyldum, with a screenplay by Graham Moore loosely based on the biography Alan Turing: The Enigma by Andrew Hodges. It stars Benedict Cumberbatch as the British cryptanalyst Alan Turing, who helped solve the Enigma code during the Second World Warand was later prosecuted for homosexuality.

The film's screenplay topped the annual Black List for best unproduced Hollywood scripts in 2011. The Weinstein Companyacquired the film for $7 million in February 2014, the highest amount ever paid for US distribution rights at the European Film Market. It was released theatrically in the United Kingdom on 14 November and the United States on 28 November.

The Imitation Game was a commercial and critical success. By February 2015, it had grossed $158 million worldwide against a $14 million production budget, making it the highest-grossing independent film of 2014. It was included in the National Board of Review's and American Film Institute's "Top 10 Films of 2014", and is nominated in eight categories at the 87th Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director (Tyldum), Best Actor(Cumberbatch), and Best Supporting Actress (Knightley). It garnered five nominations in the 72nd Golden Globe Awards and was nominated in three categories at the 21st Screen Actors Guild Awards, including Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture. It also received nine British Academy of Film and Television Arts nominations, including Best Film and Outstanding British Film.

The LGBT civil rights advocacy and political lobbying organisation the Human Rights Campaign honoured The Imitation Game for bringing Turing's legacy to a wider audience. However, the film was criticised for its inaccurate portrayal of historical events and Turing's character and relationships.

Plot[edit]

In 1951, detectives Nock (Rory Kinnear) and Staehl (Tom Goodman-Hill) investigate mathematician Alan Turing (Benedict Cumberbatch) after an apparent break-in at his home. During his interrogation by Nock, Turing tells of his time working at Bletchley Park.

In 1927, the young Turing (Alex Lawther) is unhappy and bullied at boarding school. He develops a friendship with Christopher Morcom (Jack Bannon), who sparks his interest in cryptography, and Turing develops romantic feelings for him. Before Turing can confess his love, Christopher dies unexpectedly from tuberculosis.

In 1939, when Britain declares war on Germany, Turing travels to Bletchley Park, where, under the direction of Commander Alastair Denniston (Charles Dance), he joins the cryptography team of Hugh Alexander (Matthew Goode), John Cairncross (Allen Leech), Peter Hilton (Matthew Beard), Keith Furman and Charles Richards. The team are trying to decrypt the Nazi Enigma machine.

Turing is difficult to work with, considering his colleagues inferior, and spends his time designing a machine to decipher Enigma. After Denniston refuses to fund construction of the machine, Turing writes to Prime MinisterWinston Churchill, who puts Turing in charge of the team and funds the machine. Turing fires Furman and Richards and places a difficult crossword in newspapers to find replacements. Joan Clarke (Keira Knightley), a Cambridge graduate, surpasses Turing’s test but her parents will not allow her to work with the male cryptographers. Turing arranges for her to live and work with the female clerks who intercept the messages, and shares his plans with her.

Turing’s machine, which he names Christopher, is constructed, but cannot determine the Enigma settings before the Germans reset the Enigma encryption each day. Denniston orders it destroyed and Turing fired, but the other cryptographers threaten to leave if Turing goes. After Clarke plans to leave on the wishes of her parents, Turing proposes marriage, which she accepts. During their reception, Turing reveals his homosexuality to Cairncross, who warns him to keep it secret. After overhearing a conversation with a female clerk about messages she receives, Turing has an epiphany, realising he can program the machine to decode words he already knows exist in certain messages. After he recalibrates the machine, it quickly decodes a message and the cryptographers celebrate. However, Turing realises they cannot act on every decoded message or the Germans will realise Enigma has been broken.

Turing discovers that Cairncross is a Soviet spy. When Turing confronts him, Cairncross argues that the Soviets are allies working for the same goals, and threatens to retaliate if outed and disclose Turing’s homosexuality. When MI6 agent Stewart Menzies (Mark Strong) appears to threaten Clarke, Turing reveals that Cairncross is a spy. Menzies reveals he knew this already, and planted Cairncross among them in order to leak messages to the Soviets for British benefit. Fearing for her safety, Turing tells Clarke to leave Bletchley Park, revealing that he is gay and lying about never having cared for her. After the war, Menzies tells the cryptographers to destroy their work and that they can never see one another again or share what they have done.

In the 1950s, Turing is convicted of indecency and, in lieu of a jail sentence, undergoes chemical castration so he can continue his work. Clarke visits him in his home and witnesses his physical and mental deterioration. She reminds him that his work saved lives. She uses the phrase Christopher used of Turing and Turing once used of her: "Sometimes it is the people no one imagines anything of who do the things that no one can imagine."

Cast[edit]

Production[edit]

Turing, the subject of the film, is considered the "Father of Theoretical Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence"

Before Cumberbatch joined the project, Warner Bros. bought the screenplay for a reported seven-figure sum because of Leonardo DiCaprio's interest in playing Turing.[10][11][12][13][14] In the end, DiCaprio did not come on board and the rights of the script reverted to the screenwriter. Black Bear Pictures subsequently committed to finance the film for $14 million.[2][15][16] Various directors were attached during development including Ron Howard and David Yates.[17] In December 2012, it was announced that Headhunters director Morten Tyldumwould helm the project, making the film his English-language directorial debut.[18][19]

Principal photography began on 15 September 2013 in England. Filming locations included Turing's former school, Sherborne and Bletchley Park where Turing and his colleagues worked during the war. Other locations included towns in England; Nettlebed (Joyce Grove at Oxfordshire), and Chesham(Buckinghamshire). Scenes were also filmed at Bicester Airfield and outside the Law Society Building in Chancery Lane. Principal photography finished on 11 November 2013.[20]

Bletchley Park, "the home of the codebreakers" where parts of the film were shot

The bombe seen in the film is based on a replica of Turing's original machine, which is housed in the museum at Bletchley Park. Production designer Maria Djurkovic admitted, however, that her team made the machine more cinematic by making it larger and having more of its inside mechanisms visible.[21]

The Weinstein Company acquired the film for $7 million in February 2014, the highest amount ever paid for US distribution rights at the European Film Market.[22] The film is also a recipient of Tribeca Film Festival's Sloan Filmmaker Fund, which grants filmmakers funding and guidance with regard to innovative films that are concerned with science, mathematics and technology.[23]

Title[edit]

The film's title refers to Turing's proposed test of the same name, which he discussed in his 1950 paper onartificial intelligence entitled "Computing Machinery and Intelligence".[24] The paper opens: "I propose to consider the question, 'Can machines think?' This should begin with definitions of the meaning of the terms 'machine' and 'think'."

Music[edit]

The Imitation Game (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
Film score by Alexandre Desplat
Released24 November 2014
GenreFilm score
Classical
Length51:08
LabelSony Music Entertainment
Desplat composed the film's score in under three weeks

In June 2014, it was announced that Alexandre Desplat would provide the original score of the film.[25] Desplat composed and orchestrated the score in under three weeks.[26] It was recorded by the London Symphony Orchestra at Abbey Road Studios in London.[27]

Desplat explained the complexity of continuity and structure in writing a score: "...when the camera at the end of the film has those beautiful shots of the young boy, the young Alan, and he’s meeting with the professor who’s telling him his friend Christopher is dead, and the camera is pushing in on him, I play Christopher’s theme that we heard very early on in the film. There’s a simple continuity there. It’s the accumulation of these moments that I can slowly but surely play that make it even stronger." He uses continuous piano arpeggios to represent both Turing's thinking mind and the workings of a mechanical machine.[27]

No.TitleLength
1."The Imitation Game"  2:37
2."Enigma"  2:50
3."Alan"  2:57
4."U-boats"  2:12
5."Carrots and Peas"  2:19
6."Mission"  1:36
7."Crosswords"  2:52
8."Night Research"  1:39
9."Joan"  1:45
10."Alone with Numbers"  2:58
11."The Machine Christopher"  1:57
12."Running"  3:01
13."The Headmaster"  2:27
14."Decrypting"  2:01
15."A Different Equation"  2:54
16."Becoming a Spy"  4:08
17."The Apple"  2:20
18."Farewell to Christopher"  2:41
19."End of War"  2:07
20."Because of You"  1:36
21."Alan Turing's Legacy"  1:56

Marketing[edit]

Following the Royal Pardon granted by the United Kingdom government to Turing on 24 December 2013, the filmmakers released the first official promotional photograph of Cumberbatch in character beside Turing's bombe on the same day.[28][29] In the week of the anniversary of Turing's death in June 2014, Entertainment Weekly released two new stills which marked the first look at the characters played by Keira Knightley, Matthew Goode, Matthew Beard and Allen Leech.[30] On what would have been Turing's 102nd birthday on 23 June,Empire released two photographs featuring Mark Strong and Charles Dance in character. Promotional stills were taken by photographer Jack English, who also photographed Cumberbatch for Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy.[31]

Princeton University Press and Vintage Books both released film tie-in editions of Andrew Hodges's biographyAlan Turing: The Enigma in September 2014.[32] The first UK and US trailers were released on 22 July 2014.[33]The international teaser poster was released on 18 September 2014 with the tagline, "The true enigma was the man who cracked the code".[34]

In November 2014 The Weinstein Company co-hosted a private screening of the film with Digital Sky Technologies billionaire Yuri Milner and Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg. Attendees of the screening at Los Altos Hills, California included Silicon Valley's top executives including Facebook COO Sheryl Sandberg,Linkedin’s Reid Hoffman, Google co-founder Sergey Brin, Airbnb’s Nathan Blecharczyk and Theranos founderElizabeth Holmes. Director Tyldum, screenwriter Moore and actress Knightley were also in attendance.[35] In addition, Cumberbatch and Zuckerberg presented the Math Prizes at the Breakthrough Awards on 10 November 2014 in honour of Turing.[36]

The bombe re-created by the filmmakers has been on display in a special The Imitation Game exhibition at Bletchley Park since 10 November 2014. The year-long exhibit features clothes worn by the actors and props used in the film.[37]

Yahoo! president and CEO Marissa Mayer (left) and 22nd United States Secretary of DefenseRobert Gates (right) both publicly expressed support and appreciation for Turing and the film[38]

The official film website at theimitationgamemovie.com allows visitors to unlock exclusive content by solving crossword puzzles conceived by Turing.[39] Google, which sponsored the New York Premiere of the film, launched a competition called "The Code-Cracking Challenge" on 23 November 2014. It is a skill contest where entrants must crack a code provided by Google. The prize/s will be awarded to entrant/s who crack the code and submit their entry the fastest.[40]

In November 2014, ahead of the film's US release, The New York Times reprinted the original 1942 crossword puzzle fromThe Daily Telegraph used in recruiting codebreakers at Bletchley Park during the Second World War. Entrants who solve the puzzle can mail in their results for a chance to win a trip for two to London and a tour of Bletchley Park.[41]

TWC launched a print and online campaign on 2 January 2015 featuring testimonials from leaders in the fields of technology, military, academia and LGBTQ groups (all influenced by Turing’s life and accomplishments) to promote the film and Turing's legacy. Yahoo! CEO Marissa Mayer, Netflix CEO Reed Hastings, GoogleExecutive Chairman Eric Schmidt, Twitter CEO Dick Costolo, PayPal co-founder Max Levchin, YouTube CEOSusan Wojcicki, and Wikipedia’s Jimmy Wales all gave tribute quotes. There were also testimonials from LGBT leaders including HRC president Chad Griffin and GLAAD CEO Sarah Kate Ellis and from military leaders including the 22nd United States Defense Secretary Robert Gates.[38][42][43][44]

Theatrical release[edit]

The film had its world premiere at the 41st Telluride Film Festival in August 2014, and played at the 39th Toronto International Film Festival in September.[45] It had its European premiere as the opening film of the58th BFI London Film Festival on October 2014.[46][47] It had a limited theatrical release on 28 November 2014 in the United States, two weeks after its premiere in the United Kingdom on 14 November.[11] The US distributor TWC stated that the film would initially debut in four cinemas in Los Angeles and New York, expanding to six new markets on 12 December before being released nationwide on Christmas day.[48]

Reception[edit]

Box office[edit]

The film opened number two at the UK box office just behind the big-budget film Interstellar, earning $4.3 million from 459 screens. Its opening box office figure is the third highest opening weekend haul for a British film in 2014. It achieved a very high 90% “definite recommend” from its core audience, according to exit poll figures. Its opening was 107% higher than that of Argo, 81% higher than Philomena and 26% higher than The Iron Lady following its debut.[49][50]

Debuting in four cinemas in Los Angeles and New York on 28 November, the film grossed $479,352 in its opening weekend with a $119,352 per-screen-average, the second highest per-screen-average of 2014 and the 7th highest of all time for a live-action film. Adjusted for inflation, it outperformed The Weinstein Company's own Oscar-winning films The King's Speech ($88,863 in 2010) and The Artist ($51,220 in 2011), which were also released on Thanksgiving weekend. The film expanded into additional markets on 12 December and was released nationwide on Christmas Day.[51][52][53]

The Imitation Game is the top-grossing independent film release of 2014.[54]

Critical response[edit]

Cumberbatch at the premiere of the film at TIFF, September 2014

Rotten Tomatoes sampled 225 critics and judged 89% of the reviews positive with an average rating of 7.7/10. The site states that "The Imitation Game serves as an eminently well-made entry in the 'prestige biopic' genre."[55] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 73 out of 100, based on 49 critics, indicating generally favourable reviews.[56] The film received a grade of "A+" from market-research firm CinemaScore and was included in both the National Board of Review's andAmerican Film Institute's "Top 10 Films of 2014".[57][58][59]

The New York Observer '​s Rex Reed declared that "one of the most important stories of the last century is one of the greatest movies of 2014" while Kaleem Aftab of The Independent gave the film a five-star review hailing it the "Best British Film of the Year".[60][61][62] Lou Lumenick of the New York Post described it as a "thoroughly engrossing Oscar-caliber movie" with critic James Rocchi adding that the film is "strong, stirring, triumphant and tragic".[63] Empiredescribed it as a "superb thriller" and Glamour declared it "an instant classic".[64][65] Peter Debruge of Variety added that the film is "beautifully written, elegantly mounted and poignantly performed".[66] Critic Scott Foundas stated that the "movie is undeniably strong in its sense of a bright light burned out too soon, and the often undignified fate of those who dare to chafe at society's established norms".[67] Critic Leonard Maltin asserted that the film has "an ideal ensemble cast with every role filled to perfection". In addition, praise was given to Knightley's supporting performance as Clarke, Goldenberg's editing, Desplat's score, Faura's cinematography and Djurkovic's production design.[68]The film was enthusiastically received at the Telluride Film Festival and won the "People's Choice Award for Best Film" at TIFF, the highest prize of the festival.

Cumberbatch signing autographs at the Toronto International Film Festival, September 2014

TIME ranked Cumberbatch's portrayal number one in its Top 10 film performances of 2014, with the magazine's chief film critic Richard Corliss calling Cumberbatch's characterisation "the actor’s oddest, fullest, most Cumberbatchian character yet... he doesn’t play Turing so much as inhabit him, bravely and sympathetically but without mediation".[69][70] Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times declared Turing "the role of Cumberbatch's career", while A.O. Scott of The New York Times stated that it is "one of the year’s finest pieces of screen acting".[71][72] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone asserted that the actor "gives an explosive, emotionally complex" portrayal. Critic Clayton Davis stated that it's a "performance for the ages ... proving he's one of the best actors working today".[73][74] Foundas of Variety wrote that Cumberbatch's acting is "masterful ... a marvel to watch", Manohla Dargis of The New York Times described it as "delicately nuanced, prickly and tragic" and Owen Gleiberman of the BBC proclaimed it an "emotionally tailored perfection".[75][76] It's "a storming performance from Cumberbatch: you'll be deciphering his work long after the credits roll" declared Dave Calhoun of Time Out.[77] In addition, Claudia Puig of USA Today concluded in her review, "It's Cumberbatch's nuanced, haunted performance that leaves the most powerful impression".[78] The Hollywood Reporter's Todd McCarthy reported that the undeniable highlight of the film was Cumberbatch, "whose charisma, tellingly modulated and naturalistic array of eccentricities, talent at indicating a mind never at rest and knack for simultaneously portraying physical oddness and attractiveness combine to create an entirely credible portrait of genius at work".[79][80] Critic Roger Friedman wrote at the end of his review, "Cumberbatch may be the closest thing we have to a real descendant of Sir Laurence Olivier".[81]

While praising the performances of Cumberbatch and Knightley, Catherine Shoard of The Guardian stated that the film is "too formulaic, too efficient at simply whisking you through and making sure you've clocked the diversity message".[82] Tim Robey of The Telegraph described it as "a film about a human calculator which feels ... a little too calculated".[83] Some critics also raised concerns about film's alleged reluctance to highlight Turing's homosexuality.[84] British historian Alex von Tunzelmann, writing for The Guardian in November 2014, pointed out many historical inaccuracies in the film, saying in conclusion: "Historically, The Imitation Game is as much of a garbled mess as a heap of unbroken code".[85] Journalist Christian Caryl also found numerous historical inaccuracies, describing the film as constituting "a bizarre departure from the historical record" that changed Turing's rich life to be "multiplex-friendly".[86] L.V. Anderson of Slate magazine compared the film's account of Turing's life and work to the biography it was based on, writing, "I discovered that The Imitation Game takes major liberties with its source material, injecting conflict where none existed, inventing entirely fictional characters, rearranging the chronology of events, and misrepresenting the very nature of Turing's work at Bletchley Park".[87] Andrew Grant of Science News wrote, "... like so many other Hollywood biopics, it takes some major artistic license – which is disappointing, because Turing's actual story is so compelling."[88]

The Turing family[edit]

Despite earlier reservations, Turing's niece Inagh Payne told Allan Beswick of BBC Radio Manchester that "the film really did honour my uncle" after she watched the film at the London Film Festival in October 2014. In the same interview, Turing's nephew Dermont Turing stated that Cumberbatch is "perfect casting. I couldn't think of anyone better". James Turing, a great-nephew of the code-breaker, said Cumberbatch "knows things that I never knew before. The amount of knowledge he has about Alan is amazing".[89]

Social action[edit]

"Alan Turing was not only prosecuted, but quite arguably persuaded to end his own life early, by a society who called him a criminal for simply seeking out the love he deserved, as all human beings do. 60 years later, that same government claimed to ‘forgive’ him by pardoning him. I find this deplorable, because Turing’s actions did not warrant forgiveness—theirs did—and the 49,000 other prosecuted men deserve the same."

—Cumberbatch in support for pardoning gay men convicted of United Kingdom's laws on homosexual acts[90]

In January 2015, LGBTQ activist Stephen Fry together with Harvey Weinstein, Turing's great niece Rachel Barnes, and Cumberbatch launched a campaign to pardon the 49,000 gay men convicted under the same law that led to Turing's chemical castration. An open letter published in The Guardian urged the UK government and the Royal family, particularly Queen Elizabeth II and the Dukeand Duchess of Cambridge, to aid the campaign.[91]

Fry stated: "Should Alan Turing have been pardoned just because he was a genius when somewhere between 50 to 70 thousand other men were imprisoned, chemically castrated, had their lives ruined or indeed committed suicide because of the laws under which Turing suffered? There is a general feeling that perhaps if he should be pardoned, then perhaps so should all of those men, whose names were ruined in their lifetime, but who still have families. It was a nasty, malicious and horrific law and one that allowed so much blackmail and so much misery and so much distress. Turing stands as a figure symbolic to his own age in the way that Oscar Wilde was, who suffered under a more but similar one." Human Rights Campaign's Chad Griffin also offered his endorsement and said: "Over 49,000 other gay men and women were persecuted in England under the same law. Turing was pardoned by Queen Elizabeth II in 2013. The others were not. Honor this movie. Honor this man. And honor the movement to bring justice to the other 49,000."[90] Aiding the cause are campaigner Peter Tatchell, Attitudemagazine and other high-profile figures in the gay community.[92]

In February 2015, Matt Damon, Michael Douglas, Jessica Alba, Bryan Cranston, and Anna Wintour among others have also joined the petition at Pardon49k.org demanding pardons for victims of anti-gay laws.[93][94]

Controversy[edit]

During production, there was criticism regarding the film's purported downplaying of Turing's homosexuality,[95]particularly condemning the portrayal of his relationship with close friend and one-time fiancée Joan Clarke. Hodges, author of the book upon which the film was based, described the script as having "built up the relationship with Joan much more than it actually was".[15][96][97][98] Turing's surviving niece Payne thought that Knightley was inappropriately cast as Clarke, whom she described as "rather plain".[99]

Knightley (left) portrayed code breaker Clarke(right)

Speaking to Empire, director Tyldum expressed his decision on taking on the project: "It is such a complex story. It was the gay rights element, but also how his (Turing's) ideas were kept secret and how incredibly important his work was during the war, that he was never given credit for it".[31] In an interview forGQ UK, Goode, who plays a fellow cryptographer of Turing in the film, stated that the script focuses on "Turing's life and how as a nation we celebrated him as being a hero by chemically castrating him because he was gay".[100] The producers of the film stated: "There is not – and never has been – a version of our script where Alan Turing is anything other than homosexual, nor have we included fictitious sex scenes".[101]

In a January 2015 interview with The Huffington Post in response to general complaints about the level of historical accuracy in the film, its screenwriter Moore said: "When you use the language of 'fact checking' to talk about a film, I think you're sort of fundamentally misunderstanding how art works. You don't fact check Monet's 'Water Lilies'. That's not what water lilies look like, that's what the sensation of experiencing water lilies feel like. That's the goal of the piece."[102] In the same interview, director Tyldum stated: "A lot of historical films sometimes feel like people reading a Wikipedia page to you onscreen, like just reciting 'and then he did that, and then he did that, and then he did this other thing' – it's like a 'Greatest Hits' compilation. We wanted the movie to be emotional and passionate. Our goal was to give you 'What does Alan Turing feel like?' What does his story feel like? What'd it feel like to be Alan Turing? Can we create the experience of sort of 'Alan Turing-ness' for an audience based on his life?"[102] For the most part Hodges has not commenting on the historical accuracy of the film, alluding to contractual obligations involving the film rights to his biography.[103]

Accuracy[edit]

The film has received criticism from historians and academics regarding the events and people it portrays.

Historical events[edit]

  • Suggesting that the work at Bletchley Park was the effort of a small group of cryptographers who were stymied for the first few years of the war until a sudden breakthrough that allowed them to break Enigma.
Progress was actually made from the beginning of the war in 1939 and thousands of people were working on the project before the war ended in 1945. Throughout the war there were breakthroughs and setbacks when the design or use of the German Enigma machines was changed and the Bletchley Park code breakers had to adapt.[86]
Turing's rebuilt bombe machine, called Christopher in the film, on display at Bletchley Park Museum
  • Naming the Enigma-breaking machine "Christopher" after Turing's childhood friend and suggesting that Turing was the only cryptographer working on it with others not helping or opposed.
In actuality, this electromechanical machine was called 'Victory' and it was a collaborative, not individual, effort. It was a British Bombe machine, which drew a spiritual legacy from a design by the Polish Cryptanalyst Marian Rejewski. Rejewski designed a machine in 1938 called bomba kryptologiczna which exploited a particular, but temporary, weakness in German operating procedures. A new machine with a different strategy was designed by Turing (with a key contribution from mathematician Gordon Welchman, unmentioned in the film) in 1940. More than 200 British Bombes were built under the supervision of Harold Keen of the British Tabulating Machine Company.[85][87][103]
  • Showing a scene where the Hut 8 team decides not to use broken codes to stop a German raid on a convoy that the brother of one of the code breakers (Peter Hilton) is serving on, in order to hide the fact they have broken the code.
In reality, Hilton had no such brother, and decisions about when and whether to use data from Ultra intelligence were made at much higher administrative levels.[87]
  • Showing Turing writing a letter to Churchill in order to gain control over Enigma breaking and obtain funding for the decryption machine.
Turing was actually not alone in making a different request with a number of his colleagues, includingHugh Alexander, writing a letter to Churchill (who had earlier visited there) in an effort to get more administrative resources sent to Bletchley Park, which Churchill immediately did.[87]
  • Showing a Dornier Do 17 performing a reconnaissance mission against an Allied convoy.
In reality, the Do 17 had too short a range to perform a reconnaissance mission in the Atlantic. This role was carried out by long-range aircraft such as the Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor.

Turing's personality and personal life[edit]

While a few writers and researchers have tried to assign such a retrospective diagnosis to Turing,[104]and it is true that he had his share of eccentricities, the Asperger's-like traits portrayed in the film – an intellectual snob with no friends, no sense of how to work cooperatively with others, and no understanding of humour – bear little relationship to the actual adult Turing, who had friends, was viewed as having a sense of humour, and had good working relationships with his colleagues.[86][105][106]
  • Scenes about Turing's childhood friend, including the manner in which Turing learned of Morcom's illness and death.[85][87]
  • Portraying Turing's arrest as happening in 1951 and having a detective suspect him of being a Soviet spy until Turing tells his codebreaking story in an interview with the detective, who then discovers Turing is gay.
Turing's arrest was in 1952. The detective in the film and the interview as portrayed are fictional. Turing was investigated for his homosexuality after a robbery at his house and was never investigated for espionage.[85]
  • Suggesting that the chemical castration that Turing was forced to undergo made him unable to think clearly or do any work.
Despite physical weakness and changes in Turing's body including gynecomastia, at that time he was doing innovative work on mathematical biology, inspired by the very changes his body was undergoing due to chemical castration.[86][87]
  • Clarke visiting Turing in his home while he is serving probation.
There is no record of Clarke ever visiting Turing's residence during his probation, although Turing did stay in touch with her after the war and informed her of his upcoming trial for indecency.[87]
  • Stating outright that Turing committed suicide after a year of hormone treatment.
In reality, the nature of Turing's death is a matter of considerable debate. The chemical castration period ended fourteen months before his death. The official inquest into his death ruled that he had committed suicide by consuming a cyanide-laced apple. Turing biographer Andrew Hodges believes the death was indeed a suicide, re-enacting the poisoned apple from Snow White, Turing's favourite fairy tale, with some deliberate ambiguity included to permit Turing's mother to interpret it as an accident. HoweverJack Copeland, an editor of volumes of Turing's work and Director of the Turing Archive for the History of Computing, has suggested that Turing's death may have been accidental, caused by the cyanide fumes produced by an experiment in his spare room, and that the coroner's investigation was poorly conducted.[87][107]

Personalities and actions of other characters[edit]

  • Depicting Commander Denniston as a rigid officer, bound by military thinking and eager to shut down the decryption machine when it fails to deliver results.
Denniston's grandchildren stated that the film takes an "unwarranted sideswipe" at their grandfather's memory, showing him to be a "baddy" and a "hectoring character" who hinders the work of Turing. They said their grandfather had a completely different temperament from the one portrayed in the film and was entirely supportive of the work done by cryptographers under his command.[87][108] There is no record of the film's depicted interactions between Turing and Denniston. In addition, Turing was always respected and considered one of the best code breakers at Bletchley Park.[87]
There are no records showing they interacted at all during Turing's time at Bletchley Park.[87]
  • Including an espionage subplot involving Turing working with John Cairncross.
Turing and Cairncross worked in different areas of Bletchley Park and there is no evidence they ever met.[86][87] Historian Von Tunzelmann was angered by this subplot (which suggests that Turing was for a while blackmailed into not revealing Cairncross as a spy lest his homosexuality be revealed), writing that "Creative licence is one thing, but slandering a great man's reputation – while buying into the nasty 1950s prejudice that gay men automatically constituted a security risk – is quite another."[85]

Accolades[edit]

Main article: List of accolades received by The Imitation Game

The Imitation Game has been nominated for, and has received, numerous awards, with Cumberbatch's portrayal of Turing particularly praised.[109][110][111][112] The film and its cast and crew were also honoured by Human Rights Campaign, the largest LGBT civil rights advocacy group and political lobbying organisation in the United States. "We are proud to honor the stars and filmmakers of The Imitation Game for bringing the captivating yet tragic story of Alan Turing to the big screen", HRC president Chad Griffin said in a statement.[113]

References[edit]

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External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to The Imitation Game.
Wikiquote has quotations related to: The Imitation Game


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