Jurassic World
Theatrical release poster
Directed by	Colin Trevorrow
Produced by	Frank Marshall Patrick Crowley
Screenplay by	Rick Jaffa Amanda Silver Derek Connolly Colin Trevorrow
Story by	Rick Jaffa Amanda Silver
Based on	Characters  by Michael Crichton
Starring	Chris Pratt Bryce Dallas Howard Vincent D'Onofrio Ty Simpkins Nick Robinson Omar Sy B. D. Wong Irrfan Khan
Music by	Michael Giacchino
Cinematography	John Schwartzman
Edited by	Kevin Stitt
Production companies	Amblin Entertainment Legendary Pictures
Distributed by	Universal Pictures
Release dates	May 29, 2015(Le Grand Rex) June 12, 2015(United States)
Running time	124 minutes[1]
Country	United States
Language	English
Budget	$150 million[2][3]
Box office	$1.607 billion[4]

Jurassic World is a 2015 American science fiction adventure film directed by Colin Trevorrow, written by Rick Jaffa & Amanda Silver,Derek Connolly and Trevorrow himself, and starring Chris Pratt andBryce Dallas Howard. It is the fourth installment of the Jurassic Parkseries. Set twenty-two years after the events of Jurassic Park, Jurassic World takes place on the same fictional island of Isla Nublar, where a fully functioning dinosaur theme park has operated for ten years. The park plunges into chaos when a genetically modified dinosaur,Indominus rex, breaks loose and runs rampant across the island.

Universal Pictures intended to begin production on a fourth Jurassic Park film in 2004 for a summer 2005 release, but the film entered over a decade of development hell while the script went through revisions. Steven Spielberg, director of the first two Jurassic Parkfilms, acted as executive producer as he had for Jurassic Park III.Thomas Tull also acted as executive producer;^[5] his production company, Legendary Pictures, funded approximately 20 percent of the film's budget.^[6] Frank Marshall and Patrick Crowley produced the film.

Jurassic World was released on June 10, 2015 in European countries, mainland China and Taiwan, June 11 in Australia, India, Malaysia and Hong Kong, June 12 in North America, and August 5 in Japan. The film received positive reviews from film critics, who praised it for its visuals and musical score but drew some criticism for its tone and writing. The film has generated over $1.6 billion in box office revenue and set numerous records, including the biggest opening weekend in North America and worldwide. The film became the third highest-grossing film of all time in both North America and the world during its theatrical run—as well as the highest-grossing film of the 2010s, the highest-grossing film of 2015, and the highest grossing film in the Jurassic Park film series. A sequel is scheduled to be released on June 22, 2018.

Plot[edit]

Twenty-two years after the incident at Jurassic Park, a new theme park, Jurassic World, now operates in Isla Nublar. Brothers Zach and Gray Mitchell are sent there to visit their aunt, Claire Dearing, the park's operations manager. Claire's assistant is their guide as Claire is too busy recruiting corporate sponsors with a new attraction, a genetically modified dinosaur called Indominus rex. The dinosaur has the DNA of several predatory dinosaurs as well as modern-day animals; chief geneticist Dr. Henry Wu keeps the exact genetic makeup classified.

Owen Grady trains the park's Velociraptor pack that considers him their alpha. Hoskins, head of park security, believes they are trainable for military use, but Owen disputes this. Park owner Simon Masrani has Owen evaluate the Indominus‍‍ '​ enclosure before the attraction opens. Owen warns Claire that the Indominus is particularly dangerous because it is not socialized to other animals.

Owen and Claire discover that the Indominus has seemingly escaped. Owen and two staff enter the enclosure, but the Indominus ambushes them, having faked its escape, then disappears into the island's interior. Owen suggests killing it, but Masrani sends the Asset Containment Unit to capture the dinosaur alive. When it kills most of the team, Claire orders the northern portion of the island to be evacuated.

Zach and Gray, having sneaked away to explore, ignore the evacuation order and wander into a restricted area in a gyrosphere. The vehicle is attacked by the Indominus but they escape unharmed. They find the ruins of the original Jurassic Park Visitor Center, and, after repairing an old Jeep, drive back to the park's resort area. Owen and Claire trail them after barely escaping the Indominus themselves. The Indominus continues its rampage and breaks into the park's pterosaur aviary. Masrani and two troopers hunt the Indominus by helicopter, but a collision with the escaping pterosaurs causes them to crash, killing everyone aboard. Gray and Zach arrive at the resort as the pterosaurs begin attacking the visitors. They find Owen and Claire while armed troopers subdue the pterosaurs.

Hoskins assumes command and decides to use the raptors to track the Indominus; Owen reluctantly agrees to go along with the plan. The raptors follow the Indominus‍ '​ scent into the jungle. However, the Indominus, having raptor DNA, communicates with the raptors and turns them against the humans. Hoskins, meanwhile, has Dr. Wu helicoptered off the island with the dinosaur embryos, protecting his research. Owen, Claire, and the boys find Hoskins in the lab packing up remaining embryos. As Hoskins unveils his intention to create more genetically modified dinosaurs as weapons, a raptor breaks into the lab and kills him.

Outside, the raptors corner Owen, Claire, and the boys. Owen reestablishes his alpha bond with them before theIndominus appears. The raptors attack the Indominus, which kills two raptors. Realizing they are outmatched, Claire lures the park's veteran Tyrannosaurus rex into a battle with the Indominus. The T. rex is overpowered until the lone surviving raptor attacks. The raptor and T. rex force the overwhelmed Indominus towards the lagoon, where it is dragged underwater by the park's resident Mosasaurus.

The survivors are evacuated to the mainland and the island is abandoned to the dinosaurs. Zach and Gray are reunited with their parents, while Owen and Claire decide they will stay together "for survival".

Cast[edit]

(L&C) Chris Pratt and Bryce Dallas Howard play the film's two leads, while B. D. Wong(R) reprises his role as Dr. Henry Wu from the first film.

• Chris Pratt as Owen Grady, aVelociraptor expert and trainer.^[7]
• Bryce Dallas Howard as Claire Dearing, the park's operations manager. Aunt of Zach and Gray.^[7]
• Vincent D'Onofrio as Vic Hoskins, the head of security operations who wants to use the raptors and theIndominus rex as weapons.^[8]
• Ty Simpkins as Gray Mitchell, one of Claire's nephews and the younger brother of Zach.^[7]
• Nick Robinson as Zach Mitchell, one of Claire's nephews and the older brother of Gray.^[7]
• Omar Sy as Barry,^[9] a tamer who takes care of Owen's raptors.^[10]
• B. D. Wong as Dr. Henry Wu, the chief geneticist and head of the team that created the dinosaurs for the park. Wong is one of the few actors to reprise a role from any of the previous films and this is his second appearance in the franchise since Jurassic Park.
• Irrfan Khan as Simon Masrani, CEO of the Masrani Corporation and the owner of Jurassic World.^[7]
• Jake Johnson as Lowery Cruthers, an employee in the park's control room.^[7]
• Lauren Lapkus as Vivian, an employee in the park's control room.^[11]
• Brian Tee as Katashi Hamada, the leader of the ACU (Asset Containment Unit), a group of security guards installed on Isla Nublar.^[7]
• Katie McGrath as Zara, Claire's personal assistant.^[12]
• Judy Greer as Karen Mitchell, Claire's sister and the mother of Zach and Gray.^[13]
• Andy Buckley as Scott Mitchell, Karen's husband and the father of Zach and Gray.
• Eric Edelstein as Nick, the supervisor of the Indominus rex control room.
• Colby Boothman as a young new handler working in the raptor research paddock.^[14]
• Jimmy Fallon^[15] as himself, portrayed as the safety instructor of the gyrosphere attraction.
• James DuMont as Hal Osterly, an investor.
• Jimmy Buffett as himself, portrayed as an escaping tourist during the pterosaur attack.^[16][17]
• Colin Trevorrow as the voice of Mr. DNA, an anthropomorphic DNA helix who explains the park's technology to visitors assumed to be laymen. The character was previously voiced by Greg Burson in Jurassic Park.
• Brad Bird makes a cameo appearance as the voice of the park's monorail announcer.^[18]
• Jack Horner, the film's technical advisor, has a cameo in the film.^[19]

Themes and analysis[edit]

Director Colin Trevorrow has stated that the Indominus rex, the synthetic hybrid dinosaur at the center of the film's story, is symbolic of consumer and corporate excess. Trevorrow stated that the dinosaur was "meant to embody [humanity's] worst tendencies. We're surrounded by wonder and yet we want more, and we want it bigger, faster, louder, better. And in the world of the movie, the animal is designed based on a series of corporate focus groups."^[20] He also stated, "There's something in the film about our greed and our desire for profit. The Indominus rex, to me, is very much that desire, that need to be satisfied."^[21] Film journalists have also noted the parallels between the workings of the park in Jurassic World and the film and entertainment industry.^[22] Actor James DuMont states that "the person [and] the environment are one" is one of the obvious themes. Another theme is that "those who do not stop evil are supporting and encouraging it".^[23]

The film also explores the concept of raising an animal in a particular way, in which the Indominus rex was raised in captivity without any siblings, thus making the creature somewhat "not fully functional".^[24]

Production[edit]

Development[edit]

In March 2001, Jurassic Park III director Joe Johnston denied rumors of a fourth film being made.^[25] Late intoJurassic Park III‍ '​s production, executive producer Steven Spielberg devised a story idea for a fourth film, which he believed should have been used for the third film instead.^[26] In June 2001, Johnston said he would not direct the film, and that Spielberg had a story idea that would take the series' mythology to a new level.^[27] Johnston later said the film would feel like a departure from the previous films, implying it would not be set on an island.^[28] In July 2001, actor Sam Neill, who portrayed Dr. Alan Grant in previous films, said he could not imagine a way for his character to be involved in another film.^[29] That same month, Johnston denied, then later hinted, that the film would involve the Pteranodons from the ending of Jurassic Park III.^[30][31]

In April 2002, it was reported that the film would be the last one in the series, and would ignore its predecessor's events.^[32] In a June 2002 interview with Starlog magazine, Spielberg officially confirmed the fourth film, which he hoped to have Johnston direct. Spielberg confirmed there was also a story, which he considered to be the best one since the first film.^[26] On November 4, 2002, Neill said there was a chance he would be in the film.^[33] On November 7, 2002, William Monahan was announced as the screenwriter, with Spielberg serving as executive producer and Kathleen Kennedy as producer.^[34] A month later, the film was announced for a summer 2005 release.^[35]

In January 2003, Jeff Goldblum said he had been asked to stay available for a possible return of his character Ian Malcolm.^[36] On January 30, 2003, it was reported that the story would involve dinosaurs migrating to the Costa Rican mainland. A team of experts, including Alan Grant and Ian Malcolm, chart an expedition to one of InGen's offshore islands and discover the dinosaurs breeding uncontrollably.^[37][38] In April 2003, Stan Winston confirmed his special effects studio was in the design phase for the film. Winston also said that Spielberg wanted to adapt several previously unfilmed scenes from Michael Crichton's Jurassic Park novels.^[39] In July 2003, Keira Knightleysaid she was in consideration for two separate roles, including a small role as a granddaughter.^[40] Monahan's first draft of the script was finished later that month, with a story no longer set in the jungle as in the previous films. A director had yet to be discussed at that time.^[41] Neill confirmed he would reprise his character, with filming set to begin in 2004 in California and Hawaii.^[42]

In September 2003, Richard Attenborough said he would reprise his role as John Hammond.^[43] In October 2003, paleontologist Jack Horner said he would return as technical adviser for the fourth film as he had done for previous Jurassic Park films. Horner hinted that Velociraptor would be an integral part of the film.^[44] Later that month, Horner was asked about a hypothetical idea of humans evolving from dinosaurs rather than mammals. Horner responded, "[K]eep thinking about that, and in a couple of years go see Jurassic Park 4."^[45] Keira Knightley's character was written out in late 2003.^[46] In March 2004, Johnston said he had not been asked to direct the film, and hoped that Spielberg would direct it. Johnston said a story was being written that would take the series in a completely different direction "away from the island and away from the T-Rex and all this."^[47] In May 2004, it was reported that screenwriter John Sayles was writing the script.^[48] Sayles was hired to finish earlier work done by Monahan, who had left the project to work on Kingdom of Heaven.^[49] By June 2004, Frank Marshall had joined the project as a producer.^[50]

In June 2004, it was reported that Alex Proyas was in discussions to direct, with filming expected to begin in March 2005 for a rescheduled winter 2005 release. Filming would have started at Pinewood Studios, where a massive tank was to be constructed for scenes involving marine reptiles.^[51][52] In July 2004, the script was being rewritten, with Jeremy Piven and Emmy Rossum being considered for two of the lead roles and Richard Attenborough reprising his character.^[46] Later that month, Proyas said he was not interested in directing the film.^[53]

In August 2004, Ain't It Cool News published a review of a leaked draft of the film's script. The story would have involved a new character, a mercenary named Nick Harris, who is hired by a Swiss corporation and put in charge of training a team of five genetically modified Deinonychus for use in rescue missions. John Hammond would be the only returning character in this draft.^[54][55] In 2005, Sayles confirmed this to be an early draft of the script, intercepted through Spielberg's email by a hacker.^[56]

In late August 2004, David Boreanaz was rumored and later reported to have the lead role.^[57][58] Boreanaz was actually in consideration for Fantastic Four.^[59] Sayles was still re-writing the script in September 2004, with the film on track for a winter 2005 release.^[60] Sayles' next draft, which involved genetically engineered human-dinosaur mercenaries, was scrapped.^[61]

In April 2005, Winston confirmed the film was on hold because of repeated revisions of the film's script, none of which satisfied Spielberg. According to Winston, "He felt neither of [the drafts] balanced the science and adventure elements effectively. It's a tough compromise to reach, as too much science will make the movie too talky, but too much adventure will make it seem hollow."^[62] In November 2005, Spielberg said he planned to include a scene in the film (taken from the novel The Lost World) that would involve characters on motorcycles outrunning raptors.^[63]

In January 2006, Johnston and Horner were working on a new screenplay,^[64] and more work on it was expected to begin immediately after the 2008 release of Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull.^[65] In February 2006, Frank Marshall said the film now had a good script, with filming expected to begin in 2007 for a 2008 release.^[66] In March 2006, Marshall said the film had a script and was getting a director, with Johnston as a possible candidate.^[67] In April 2006, Marshall said there was an idea for the film, but not a script. Marshall went on to deny that Michael Crichton would write the script, or that Spielberg would direct it.^[68] The script was still being worked on in June 2006.^[69]

In July 2006, Spielberg denied an Internet rumor that Breck Eisner would direct, saying Johnston was standing by for the job.^[70] In December 2006, Laura Dern said she was open to the possibility of reprising her role as Ellie Sattler, but had not been contacted about appearing in the film.^[71] In March 2007, Neill said he knew nothing about the project.^[72]

In April 2007, Dern said she had been contacted about appearing in the film, with filming expected to begin within the year for release in 2008.^[73] It was also reported that Joe Johnston would not be directing the film.^[74]In December 2007, Frank Marshall said further work on the script would not commence until the end of the2007–08 Writers Guild of America strike, with filming potentially starting in 2008 for a release in the summer of 2009.^[75] Jack Horner's 2009 book, How to Build a Dinosaur, was originally meant to come out at the same time as the film as a scientific companion volume.^[76]

Before his death, Attenborough was contacted about reprising the role of John Hammond.^[77] Jeff Goldblum had expressed some interest in reprising his role of Ian Malcolm for the fourth film.^[78]

In December 2008, Frank Marshall and Kathleen Kennedy were asked if there was any development on the sequel. Kennedy responded, "No... I don't know. You know, when Michael Crichton passed away, I sorta felt maybe that's it. Maybe that's a sign that we don't mess with it."^[79] While Marshall and Kennedy were no longer signed with Universal Pictures in a production capacity, it was said that the two would remain involved with the studio and its plans for Jurassic Park 4.^[80] In November 2009, Joe Johnston discussed the possibility of Jurassic Park 4, stating that the story for the film is completely different from that of its predecessors and would take the franchise into a whole other trilogy.^[81] In a January 2010 interview, Johnston reiterated that Jurassic Park 4 was set to be the beginning of a second Jurassic Park trilogy.^[82][83][84]

On June 15, 2011, it was reported that Spielberg had met twice with writer Mark Protosevich to work on a story for a potential fourth Jurassic Park film.^[85] About a month later, at the 2011 San Diego Comic-Con International, Spielberg said a writer was working on a treatment for the film, which he said would be possibly released "within the next two or three years."^[86] A representative from Universal said 2013 would be the preferred deadline for completion.^[87] Over the next three months, Mark Protosevich wrote two story treatments for the film.^[88]Spielberg had hoped to have a writer working on a full screenplay for Jurassic Park IV by the time he started filming his other project, Lincoln, in October 2011, with the hope that the script would be finished by the timeLincoln was finished. However, he and Kennedy felt that neither of Protosevich's treatments consisted of the right story for a fourth film.^[89]

Despite this, Spielberg said in October 2011 that the script was being written by Protosevich, and that he felt the story they were working on was stronger than that of Jurassic Park III.^[90] In January 2012, Spielberg announced that he would not be directing the film, opting instead to be a producer.^[91] On June 21, it was confirmed thatRise of the Planet of the Apes writers Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver would be scripting Jurassic Park 4.^[92]

Pre-production[edit]

On January 11, 2013, Universal said the film would be shot in 3D and released June 13, 2014.^[93] In February, it was reported that Kathleen Kennedy would not be producing the film in favor of focusing on Star Wars: The Force Awakens for 2015.^[94] Producer Frank Marshall said, "No decisions have been made regarding where we are shooting."^[95] Shortly thereafter, the director of studio operations at Raleigh Studios in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, confirmed that Universal Pictures had reserved space there from April to November 2013, without specifying the project for which it was reserved.^[96] On March 14, 2013, Universal announced that Colin Trevorrow, director ofSafety Not Guaranteed, would be directing the film,^[97][98] while Patrick Crowley was announced as a producer.^[99]

Director Brad Bird, who was working on Tomorrowland, was also interested in directing Star Wars: The Force Awakens. To work around schedule conflicts, Bird suggested to Kennedy the idea of having Trevorrow work as a stand-in to perform early production work on Star Wars, which Bird could then direct after Tomorrowland had concluded filming. These plans did not materialize. However, as a result of these discussions, Kennedy and Marshall watched Safety Not Guaranteed and were impressed by it. Marshall subsequently had Spielberg meet with Trevorrow,^[100] who was then hired before he read the script, which was titled Jurassic Park IV and was still being written by Jaffa and Silver.^[101]

Jaffa and Silver wrote a draft that revolved around a functioning dinosaur theme park, an idea that came from Spielberg.^[102] The idea of trained Velociraptors, from Sayles' earlier draft, was also present in Jaffa and Silver's draft;^[103] Spielberg chose to have the idea included in the script.^[104] After reading the script, Trevorrow declined to direct the film unless it could be done in a different way.^[103] He pitched a new story idea,^[100] and then began working on a completely new script with writing partner Derek Connolly.^[105][106] Trevorrow and Connolly maintained the basic storyline of a functioning dinosaur theme park.^[102] Two story ideas from earlier drafts were also kept: a homicidal dinosaur that has to be stopped, and a human who has a relationship with Velociraptors.^[101][102] However, Trevorrow felt those ideas in their original form were too extreme and had to be "pulled way, way, way back."^[101][102]

Jaffa and Silver's draft included an opening scene set in China,^[104] where a non-existent dinosaur would have been discovered: within the story of this script, the Indominus rex would be depicted as a real dinosaur, rather than the final draft which featured it as a genetically modified hybrid. Trevorrow chose to make the animal a hybrid to maintain consistency with previous films in the series, which had incorporated the latest paleontological findings and discoveries: "I didn't wanna make up a new dinosaur and tell kids it was real."^[107] In April 2013, Jack Horner said in an interview that a new, previously extinct creature would rise to stardom in the film, saying, "I can't actually tell you who that will be... But you'll want to keep the lights on after you see this movie."^[108]

Trevorrow and Connolly wrote their draft of the script over a couple of weeks.^[101] The studio received the draft on May 6, 2013, and found the script changes more large-scale than anticipated.^[106] On May 8, 2013, the studio announced it was pushing the release from June 13, 2014, to an unspecified future date.^[109][110] Prior to the delay, actors Bryce Dallas Howard, David Oyelowo, and Garrett Hedlund had been considered for roles in the film.^[111] Filming had been set to begin June 24, 2013.^[106] Delaying the film allowed Trevorrow and Connolly more time to work on the script.^[105] Another reason for the delay was to allow time for the construction of practical sets for the fictional theme park; it was previously intended to add in these buildings using computer effects.^[101]

On May 2, 2013, Trevorrow tweeted a picture of Kauai taken during location scouting with the caption "Nublar", the name of the island in the original film.^[112] That November, he tweeted that "Reboot is a strong word. This is a new sci-fi terror adventure set 22 years after the horrific events of Jurassic Park."^[113] According to Trevorrow in August 2013, the film's release date had been pushed to 2015.^[114]

In May 2013, Sam Neill said it was unlikely he would be a part of the film, stating, "I'm told it's a big reboot, a total re-jig."^[115] On June 1, 2013, Trevorrow tweeted an assurance that the film was "very much alive. We're writing and designing."^[116] On June 18, 2013, a teaser banner was revealed at Licensing Expo 2013, giving a 2015 release.^[117] By August 15, 2013, John Krasinski was in talks for a role as a dinosaur tamer.^[118]

The script was rewritten by Trevorrow and Connolly during the summer of 2013,^[105] and was approved that September.^[119] In addition to the film's Indominus rex, an earlier draft by Trevorrow also included a second hybrid dinosaur named 'Stegoceratops', consisting of DNA from Stegosaurus and Triceratops. However, Trevorrow chose to remove the animal from the final script after his son made him realize that multiple hybrids would fail to make the Indominus unique.^[101][120]

On September 10, 2013, Universal Pictures confirmed the film would be titled Jurassic World and would be released on June 12, 2015.^[111] Trevorrow chose to rename the film from its previous title, Jurassic Park IV, to differentiate it from previous films in the series.^[121] That same month, Bryce Dallas Howard was in early negotiations to play a role,^[122] and was cast in early November.^[123] By mid-October, Ty Simpkins had been cast as the child lead and Jake Johnson was being considered for a role.^[124] Nick Robinson was cast as Simpkins' character's older brother,^[125] while Josh Brolin was in talks to play the adult lead.^[126] By the middle of November, Brolin was no longer in talks for the film, and Chris Pratt was in early negotiations for the lead role,^[127] a "rugged, ex-military man named Owen."^[128] Ron Howard tweeted in January 2014 that Pratt had been cast in a lead role.^[129]

On February 5, 2014, Trevorrow revealed that cinematographer John Schwartzman would be filming Jurassic World using Panavision cameras shooting on a combination of Kodak 35mm and 65mm film.^[130] One of the 65mm cameras used on the production had been used in the past to shoot Stanley Kubrick's 2001: A Space Odyssey.^[119] The reason the filmmakers chose to shoot Jurassic World on film stock instead of on digital cameras, in addition to Spielberg's and Schwartzman's own personal preference for the format, was in an effort to match the visual aesthetic of the previous three film-shot Jurassic Park pictures, as well as the fact that the film's exterior jungle scenes required a greater dynamic range of light than digital cameras could provide. 65mm film was used for visual effect sequences as well as location shots where the filmmakers wanted extra visual impact.^[131] The film is being presented in a 2.00:1 aspect ratio, an intermediate ratio that falls between the two industry standard widescreen aspect ratios of 1.85:1 and 2.35:1. This was chosen because it allowed enough height for humans and dinosaurs to fit into the same frame without giving up a sense of scope, and closely matches the ratio of a digital IMAX screen.^[132]

By February 7, Legendary Pictures had agreed to co-finance the film.^[133] China Film Group has been reported as also having financed the film.^[134] By February 28, Vincent D'Onofrio had joined the cast to play the film's antagonist. Irrfan Khan was also cast as head of the Masrani Corporation, now in ownership of Isla Nublar and the park.^[135][136] That same month, Trevorrow confirmed that B. D. Wong would reprise his role as Dr. Henry Wu, and said the character would have a more significant role than in the original film.^[105] On March 21, 2014, French actor Omar Sy announced he had joined the cast.^[137] On March 26, 2014, actor Jake Johnson confirmed his role in Jurassic World as a tech-savvy operations overseer named Lowery.^[138][139] By April 3, Judy Greer, Katie McGrath, and Lauren Lapkus had joined the cast.^[140] Andy Buckley was cast on May 7.^[141] By June 27, James DuMont had also joined the cast.^[142]

Filming[edit]

Principal photography and production began on April 10, 2014,^[143] at the Honolulu Zoo in Hawaii.^[144] Filming continued for four weeks on Oahu.^[145] At the end of April, filming took place at the Hawaii Convention Center.^[146] Filming moved to Kauai on May 15, 2014, and concluded there on June 6, 2014.^[145] Filming resumed that day at the abandoned Six Flags theme park in New Orleans,^[147][148] where Jurassic World's Main Street was constructed. One of Main Street's restaurants is named Winston's, after Stan Winston.^[16] A statue of Attenborough's character, John Hammond, is also featured in the film.^[19][101]

Filming was scheduled to remain in Louisiana for eleven weeks.^[148] On June 30, 2014, filming took place at Louis Armstrong International Airport in New Orleans; actors Nick Robinson, Ty Simpkins, and Judy Greer were reported to be present.^[149] An evacuation scene was filmed at the Audubon Zoo in New Orleans.^[147] Swamp scenes were filmed in Slidell, Louisiana.^[150] A majority of the filming in New Orleans took place at Big Easy Studios inside the NASA complex in East New Orleans.^[151] On August 5, 2014, director Colin Trevorrow announced on Twitter that filming had wrapped^[152] after a 78-day shoot.^[16]

In an interview with Empire, Trevorrow confirmed that the production had hired Legacy Effects (an effects company run by supervisors from Stan Winston Studios) to create animatronic dinosaurs for the film, as they had done in the previous three films.^[153] Ultimately, Legacy Effects contributed lighting reference models as well as a practically built animatronic Apatosaurus that was used for a sequence filmed in Hawaii.^[154][155] Visual effects supervisor Phil Tippett and Industrial Light and Magic also returned to create CGI dinosaurs.^[156] The computer generated dinosaurs were created using performance capture, using human actors to perform the dinosaurs' movements.^[155] Scroggins Aviation Mockup & Effects was called in to fabricate and build the Blue Eurocopter EC-130 T2 airframe body, known as "JW001" in the film.^[157] A more comedic scene featuring Howard's character and dinosaur feces, similar to Laura Dern's scene in the original Jurassic Park, was cut and not included in the cinematic release.^[158]

Music[edit]

The musical score was composed by Michael Giacchino, who previously scored the video games Warpath: Jurassic Park and The Lost World: Jurassic Park.^[159] Themes from John Williams' previous Jurassic Park scores were also incorporated by Giacchino. "It was a really targeted approach, as to where to [include Williams' themes] and where would make the most sense and where would we most appreciate it, as fans ourselves," said Giacchino.^[160]A soundtrack album was released on June 9, 2015, by Back Lot Music.^[161]

Release[edit]

The film was released on June 12, 2015 in North America.^[162][163] The film had its first public premiere on May 29, 2015 in Paris, France at The Grand Rex cinema.^[164] The film also previewed on June 10, 2015 at Majestic 10 Cinemas in Williston, Vermont, two days prior to the film's worldwide release.^[165] Worldwide, Jurassic World was released across 809 IMAX theaters (364 of which were in North America), making it the second largest worldwide rollout for any movie in IMAX's history and the largest day-and-date IMAX release ever.^[166][167]

Home media[edit]

Jurassic World is set to be released on DVD, Blu-ray, and Blu-ray 3D on October 20, 2015.^[168][169]

Reception[edit]

Box office[edit]

As of August 20, 2015, Jurassic World has grossed over $638.6 million in North America and $968.6 million in other territories for a worldwide total of over $1.607 billion.^[4] It is the third highest-grossing film of all time in both North America and the world, as well as the highest-grossing film of 2015 and in the Jurassic Park film series.^{[170][171][172][173][174][175]} It also tops the charts of highest-grossing openings for films in both North America and the world.

Its worldwide opening of $524.4 million is the biggest of all time; it also marked the first time that a film had generated over $500 million worldwide in a single weekend.^[176] The film also set the record for largest worldwideIMAX opening with $44.1 million and a single day IMAX gross of $13 million on Friday, June 12, 2015.^[176][177] It also became the fastest film to cross $80 million in IMAX ticket sales, doing so in 12 days (with $84 million).^[178]

United States and Canada[edit]

In North America, Jurassic World is the highest-grossing film distributed by Universal Pictures.^[196] Predictions for the opening of Jurassic World in the U.S. and Canada were continuously revised upwards, starting from $125 million to $200 million.^{[197][198][199][200]} It opened on Friday, June 12, 2015, across 4,274 theaters, and earned $81.9 million on its opening day, marking the third-biggest opening day and third-biggest single-day gross.^{[201][185][202]} The film's Friday gross included an $18.5 million from 3,229 theaters in its early Thursday showings, a record for Universal.^[189] Without Thursday night grosses, the film earned the largest opening-day gross ($63.4 million).^[201][203] It also set a single-day IMAX record ($8.6 million) and a Saturday and Sunday gross record ($69.6 million and $57.2 million respectively).^{[188][204][205]} In total, it earned $208,807,270 for its debut weekend, setting a record for the biggest June opening ever, the largest ever opening-weekend,^[188][206] and an IMAX opening record of $20.6 million (10.2% of the total opening gross) from 363 IMAX theaters.^[188] 3D accounted for 48% of the total opening gross.^[188] RealD 3D comprised $70 million of the opening gross, a record it shares with The Avengers.^[176] It is also the biggest opening for Chris Pratt.^[187] The opening-weekend audience was evenly split among those under and over the age of 25, with 52% of the audience male, 48% female, 39% under age 25, 61% age 25 years and above.^[188]

Revenues in its second weekend dropped gradually by 49% to $106.6 million from 4,291 theaters (+17 theaters)^{[207][208][209]} It topped the North American box office for three consecutive weekends,^[210] As of June 21, 2015, RealD, IMAX and premium large format has grossed a total of $132 million, $42 million and $23.1 million respectively.^[211] On Friday, July 17, 2015, the movie hit the $600 million mark, becoming the fourth and fastest to do so in 36 days.^[212]

Other markets[edit]

Jurassic World was released in a total of 63 countries.^[213] In the rest of the world, the film opened on Wednesday, June 10, 2015, in eight countries, earning $24.5 million.^[214] On Thursday, June 11, it grossed another $41.6 million from 37 markets for a two-day total of $65.6 million from 45 countries.^[215] It added 21 more countries on June 12, earning $60 million, which is the highest-grossing international Friday of all time, for a three-day total of $130 million from 66 countries.^[216][217] Through Sunday, June 14, it had a five-day opening weekend total of $315.61 million from 66 countries from 19,612 screens, marking the biggest of 2015, the biggest for Universal, and the biggest of all time.^[176][218] This included an IMAX opening record of $23.5 million from 443 IMAX theaters in 56 countries.^[176] 65% of its grosses came from 3D^[176] (equivalent to $205 million).^[219][220]Additional record includes the highest single-day IMAX gross with $6.5 million on Saturday, June 12, 2015.^[176]Revenues in its second weekend also dropped gradually by 41% similar to its North American drop, earning $163.4 million from 18,280 screens in 66 territories.^[178] Earning $84.3 million in its third weekend (-49%), it topped the box office outside of North America for three consecutive weekends,^[221][222]

It had the biggest opening day of all time for Universal in Hong Kong; the second-biggest in Australia, France, Indonesia, the Philippines, Russia, and South Korea;^[223][224] and the biggest opening day of all time in Panama.^[217] It also scored the biggest opening for Universal in nine countries, including Australia, China, Ecuador, France, Hong Kong, Korea, the Philippines, Singapore, the UK, Ireland, and Malta.^[176] In China, it grossed $17.77 million on its opening day (including $1.39 million from midnight runs), which is the tenth-biggest of all time and went on to earn $100.1 million in its opening weekend, which is the third-biggest of all time.^{[176][225][226][227]} It also scored the second-biggest IMAX opening there with $11.8 million.^[176] Its top largest openings outside of the U.S., Canada, and China occurred in the UK, Ireland and Malta ($30 million), Mexico ($15.9 million), France ($13.8 million), Australia ($12.4 million), Germany ($11.4 million), Russia and the CIS ($10 million), Taiwan ($8.2 million), India ($7.6 million), Spain ($7.4 million), Brazil ($7.4 million), Italy ($6.5 million), Malaysia ($5.6 million), and the Philippines ($5.5 million).^[176][228] In South Korea, the film was released during the 2015 MERS outbreak, which resulted in a plunge in film attendance beginning from late May 2015. This led to various local film distributors changing or postponing local films' release dates. However, since U.S. film studios are debarred from altering their scheduled dates, the film had to be released on its intended date.^[229] Despite the outbreak, the film opened with $14.4 million.^[176] Overall, 3D ticket sales accounted 95% of China box office,90% of India, 89% of Germany, 78% of Brazil, 77% of Colombia, and 74% of Russia.^[176][230] The film opened in its last market, Japan, on August 5, 2015, where it grossed $13 million on its opening weekend and topped the Japanese box office.^[231][232]

It became the highest-grossing film in the Jurassic Park film series in 25 countries.^[176] IMAX tickets sales has grossed a total of $42.1 million as of June 21, 2015.^[178] In total earnings, its largest markets outside of the U.S. are China with $228 million followed by the UK, Ireland and Malta ($97.8 million), South Korea ($41.79 million), Mexico ($41.73 million) and Germany ($41.6 million).^[233][234]

Critical response[edit]

Jurassic World received praise from critics for its visuals, score and acting, but drew some criticism for its tone and writing. On Rotten Tomatoes the film has a rating of 71%, based on 257 reviews, with an average rating of 6.7/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Jurassic World can't match the original for sheer inventiveness and impact, but it works in its own right as an entertaining — and visually dazzling — popcorn thriller."^[235] OnMetacritic, the film has a score of 59 out of 100, based on 49 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".^[236] InCinemaScore polls, audiences gave the film an "A" grade from an A+ to F scale.^[237]

Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian gave the film four stars out of five and felt that it was "terrifically enjoyable and exciting summer spectacular" "savvy, funny, ridiculous in just the right way."^[238] Also giving the film four stars wasRobbie Collin of The Telegraph, who deemed the film a worthy sequel to Spielberg's original Jurassic Park, and called it "methodically paced and shot with an awestruck visual sense that's pure Spielberg."^[239] Peter Travers ofRolling Stone gave it 3 out of 4 stars and said "It's not the cynical, cash-in cheesefest you feared. OK, Jurassic World is a little of that. But this state-of-the-art dino epic is also more than a blast of rumbling, roaring, 'did you effing see that!' fun". He praised Trevorrow's direction, Pratt's and Howard's performances and the effects.^[240]Writing for The Hollywood Reporter, Todd McCarthy placed the film second, only behind the original film in theJurassic Park series. He felt that the film was not terribly scary, and was more of a PG than R, praised the CGI and score, criticized the romance between Owen and Claire and wrote that the film nevertheless would be appealing to audiences everywhere.^[241]

Conversely, The Associated Press rated the film two stars out of four and called the film "an ugly, over-saturated movie". Its review stated that Jurassic World lacked the "deft sense of wonderment, wit and suspense that guided the original" in addition to criticizing its CGI. However, it praised the film's score and Pratt's and Howard's performances.^[242]

Merchandise and theme park ride[edit]

A video game based on the film, Lego Jurassic World, and an Apple application produced by Ludia, Jurassic World: The Game, were released in 2015.^[243]

On June 14, 2015, the Italian amusement park Mirabilandia, in collaboration with Universal Pictures, opened a new area based on Jurassic World, called Dinoland. It featured 54 reproductions of dinosaurs and six attractions.^[244]

Controversies[edit]

Scientific accuracy[edit]

Velociraptor models in Waterloo Station, London.

A Twitter post attributed to Trevorrow stated there would be no feathered dinosaurs in the film.^[245] While the first Jurassic Park film was lauded bypaleontologists for depicting dinosaurs accurately and in line with the science of the time, based on current knowledge, changing the public view of dinosaurs as slow and giant lizard-like reptiles, Jurassic World is being criticized for purposely ignoring new discoveries and knowledge. Several dinosaur experts are calling the film a "dumb monster movie" for failing to include new discoveries about the creatures, such as some dinosaurs being covered with feathers or proto-feathers, and the way velociraptors held their front limbs.^{[246][247][248]} Since the film's teaser trailer release, many paleontologists expressed their disappointment on Twitter, Facebook and their own blogs, calling the dinosaurs that were featured a retrograde step from the original Jurassic Park.^[249]

In response to these criticisms, Trevorrow said that "the film is scientifically 'inaccurate' because it is a science-fiction movie and not a documentary."^[247] A faux review on the film's website speculates that the use ofamphibian DNA to fill the gaps in the dinosaur DNA (a plot point in the original novel and film) prevented the dinosaurs from growing feathers.^[250] In the film, character Dr. Henry Wu (portrayed by B. D. Wong) tells Simon Masrani (portrayed by Irrfan Khan) that had the scientists not included DNA from various other animals, the dinosaurs "would look very different". Wu then reminds Masrani that he asked for "cooler" dinosaurs, rather than ones that would be scientifically accurate.

Writing credits dispute[edit]

At the end of March 2015, a Writers Guild of America (WGA) arbitration panel ruled that Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver would receive credit for writing the screenplay with Trevorrow and Connolly. However, Trevorrow and Connolly strongly disagreed with the decision to give Jaffa and Silver co-credit,^[251][252] although they decided that under WGA rules, they did not have grounds to appeal the decision. They accepted the ruling on March 31, 2015.^[252] On April 2, 2015, it was reported that Universal Pictures originally wanted Trevorrow and Connolly to be credited for the screenplay. In the film's Super Bowl trailer, Trevorrow and Connolly were credited for writing the film. It was then reported that they appealed the WGA's decision, that they wrote an entirely new screenplay that was not based on Jaffa and Silver's draft, and that they wanted full writing credit for the script.^[251]

On April 7, 2015, it was reported that the arbiters had unanimously denied Trevorrow and Connolly's appeal in a second hearing held on April 3, and that they gave Jaffa and Silver an additional credit for writing the original story, with the decision being appealed by Trevorrow and Connolly.^[253] Later that day, Trevorrow clarified the situation and denied that he and Connolly appealed the WGA's original decision of giving Jaffa and Silver co-credit for the screenplay, despite disagreeing with it. He also stated that he and Connolly were not informed of the second hearing until it was already over. Although they strongly disagreed with the latest decision, they decided not to appeal it.^[252] The credits of the screenplay ultimately went to both writing teams, with Jaffa and Silver also being credited for writing the original story.^[252]

Sequels[edit]

On the possibility of potential sequels, director Colin Trevorrow said, "We wanted to create something that would be a little bit less arbitrary and episodic, and something that could potentially arc into a series that would feel like a complete story."^[153] In May 2015, Trevorrow confirmed that he would not be returning to direct a sequel.^[254] In June, Pratt and Simpkins confirmed that they had signed on for an unspecified amount of sequels.^[255][256] In July 2015, Universal Pictures announced that a sequel will be released on June 22, 2018, with Connolly and Trevorrow returning to write the script, and Pratt and Howard reprising their roles.^[257]

See also[edit]

• List of extinct genera in Jurassic Park
• List of films featuring dinosaurs

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• Official website
• Masrani Global Corporation (fictional) website
• Jurassic World at the Internet Movie Database
• Jurassic World at AllMovie
• Jurassic World at Box Office Mojo
• Jurassic World at Metacritic
• Jurassic World at Rotten Tomatoes
• Jurassic World News & Updates
• Official UK Jurassic World International website
• Jurassic World Trailer on YouTube
• Educational Guide To Dinosaurs

It Follows
Theatrical poster
Directed by	David Robert Mitchell
Produced by	Rebecca Green Laura D. Smith David Robert Mitchell David Kaplan Erik Rommesmo
Written by	David Robert Mitchell
Starring	Maika Monroe Keir Gilchrist Daniel Zovatto Jake Weary Olivia Luccardi Lili Sepe
Music by	Disasterpeace
Cinematography	Mike Gioulakis
Edited by	Julio C. Perez IV
Production company	Animal Kingdom Northern Lights Films Two Flints
Distributed by	RADiUS-TWC Dimension Films
Release dates	May 17, 2014 (Cannes) March 13, 2015(United States)
Running time	100 minutes[1]
Country	United States
Language	English
Budget	$2 million
Box office	$17.8 million[2]

It Follows is a 2014 American supernatural horror film written and directed by David Robert Mitchell, and starring Maika Monroe.^[3] The plot follows a girl pursued by a supernatural entity after a sexual encounter.^[4] Filmed in Detroit, Michigan, It Follows debuted at theCannes Film Festival in 2014 to significant critical acclaim. It was purchased by The Weinstein Company's subsidiary, RADiUS-TWC, for North American distribution. After receiving a successful limited release beginning March 13, 2015, the film received a wide release on March 27, 2015.

Plot[edit]

A girl flees her house in fear and drives to the beach where she tearfully tells her parents she loves them over the phone. By morning, she has been brutally murdered.

Jay Height, a carefree college student living in Michigan, goes on a movie date. Her date, Hugh, spots a young woman at the theater entrance, but Jay cannot see her. Hugh suddenly becomes afraid and demands he and Jay leave the theater. On another date, Hugh and Jay have sex in his car. Shortly afterwards, he incapacitates her with an inhalational anaesthetic. Jay wakes up tied to a wheelchair, and Hugh explains to her that, through sex, he has passed on a curse: an entity visible only to those cursed that can take on any number of appearances will pursue Jay at walking pace. If the entity catches her, it will kill her and then pursue the person who passed the curse to her. Hugh implores that Jay sleep with someone else as soon as she can to be rid of the entity. A naked woman approaches them from the nearby woods as they go. Hugh takes Jay back to her home and promptly leaves.

At school, Jay is approached by an old woman that others cannot see, and flees to her sister Kelly's workplace. Kelly and her friends, Yara and Paul, the latter having a crush on Jay, decide to spend the night to keep watch. That night, Paul hears the kitchen window break, but finds no intruder. When Jay checks, she is approached by a half-naked, bloodied woman. Jay flees to her upstairs bedroom in a panic, where Kelly and Paul find her. After trying to convince Jay that there is no one in the house, they inadvertently allow the entity, now in the form of a tall man with gouged-out eyes, to enter behind Yara. Jay flees the house to a playground, where her friends find her. Jay decides that she must find Hugh.

Greg drives Jay, Kelly, Yara, and Paul to Hugh's house, now abandoned, where they find a high school photo of him, and evidence of his efforts to avoid the entity. With the help of the high school, they discover that Hugh's real name is Jeff Redmond and trace him to his mother's address. Jeff informs them he believes he got the curse from a one-night stand with a woman he can't remember, and reiterates that Jay must have sex to get rid of it. They drive to Greg's lakehouse, where Jay learns to fire a gun. Later, while the group relaxes on the shore, the entity, taking up multiple forms, catches up to Jay and attacks her. Jay shoots and momentarily incapacitates the entity. She attempts to escape in Greg's car, but in her panic crashes in a cornfield. Jay wakes up in the hospital with a broken arm, surrounded by her mother and friends.

In the hospital, Jay and Greg have sex to pass on the curse. Later, Jay sees the entity in the form of Greg smash the window to Greg's own house and enter. Jay tries to warn the real Greg on the phone but nobody answers. She runs into the house and finds the entity in the form of Greg's mother knocking on his door. When Greg answers, it jumps him and appears to rape Greg as he dies. Once again the target, Jay flees and spends the night by the beach. The next morning, she sees three young men on a boat. She undresses and walks into the water. Back home, Paul expresses his feelings about Jay sleeping with Greg and not him; he offers to have sex with her, but she refuses.

The group plans to lure the entity into an abandoned swimming pool and electrocute it. The entity arrives and Jay realizes it has taken the appearance of her father. Instead of entering the pool, the entity picks up the electrical devices and throws them at Jay. Paul attempts to shoot the entity but cannot see it and accidentally wounds Yara. Kelly drapes a blanket over the entity, allowing Paul to shoot it in the head. It falls into the pool. Paul asks Jay if she can see if the entity is dead. Jay approaches the pool, which slowly fills with blood.

Jay and Paul have sex; afterwards, Paul drives past prostitutes in a seedy part of town. The wounded but healing Yara reads a passage from the Russian novel The Idiot in her hospital bed. Jay and Paul hold hands and walk down the sidewalk; someone walks behind them.

Cast[edit]

Additionally, Ingrid Mortimer, Alexyss Spradlin, Mike Lanier, Don Hails, and Erin Stone play various incarnations of the entity.

Development and production[edit]

This section requires expansion.(April 2015)

Writer and director David Robert Mitchell conceived the film based upon recurring dreams he had in his youth about being followed: "I had it when I was very young, the nightmare. I had it several times and I still remember images from it. I didn't use those images for the film, but the basic idea and the feeling I used. From what I understand, it's an anxiety dream. Whatever I was going through at that time, my parents divorced when I was around that age, so I imagine it was something to do with that."^[5] The role that sexual transmission plays came later, from Mitchell wanting something that could transfer between people.^[6] Mitchell started writing the film in 2011 while working on a separate film he intended to be his second feature film; however, Mitchell struggled with this would-be second feature and decided to make It Follows as his next film instead.^[7] While working on the film, Mitchell realized that the concept he was working on was tough to describe and thus refused to discuss the plot when asked what he was working on, reasoning later that "When you say it out loud, it sounds like the worst thing ever."^[6]

The film was shot in 2013 in Detroit, Michigan.^[8] Director David Robert Mitchell used wide-angle lenses when filming to give the film an expansive look,^[8] and cited the works of George Romero and John Carpenter as influences on the film's compositions and visual aesthetic.^[5]

Release[edit]

It Follows premiered at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival on May 17, 2014. It was released theatrically in France on February 4, 2015 and in the United Kingdom on February 27. It was given a limited release in the United Stateson March 13^[9] and a wide release on March 27^[10] in 1,200 theatres.^[11] The film also received a limited release on March 27, 2015 in Canada by Mongrel Media.^[12]

Interpretations[edit]

It Follows has sparked numerous interpretations from film critics in regard to the source of "it" and the film's symbolism.^[5] Critics have interpreted the film as a parable on HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections,^[13]and the social perceptions thereof; the sexual revolution;^[14] and "primal anxieties" about intimacy.^[15]

Director Mitchell stated: "I'm not personally that interested in where 'it' comes from. To me, it's dream logic in the sense that they're in a nightmare, and when you're in a nightmare there's no solving the nightmare. Even if you try to solve it."^[5] Mitchell said that while Jay “opens herself up to danger through sex, sex is the one way in which she can free herself from that danger ... We’re all here for a limited amount of time, and we can’t escape our mortality...but love and sex are two ways in which we can – at least temporarily – push death away”.^[13]

Mortality is a major theme of the film; the existential dread in the face of death's inevitability, and how people try (and fail) to postpone death. There are three quotations in the film that stress this theme. When Jay is in English class, her teacher is reading from T. S. Eliot's "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock," and Yara reads two passages on the imminence of death from Fyodor Dostoevsky's The Idiot.^[16]

Soundtrack[edit]

The score was composed by Rich Vreeland, better known asDisasterpeace.^[17] It was released on February 2, 2015 over Editions Milan Music with permission of The Weinstein Company with a digital booklet.^[18] The digital version of the album went on sale March 10, 2015.

Track listing[edit]

All music composed by Rich Vreeland.^{[citation needed]}

Reception[edit]

Box office[edit]

It Follows opened in limited theaters on March 13, 2015 in the United States and Canada. It earned $163,453 in its opening weekend from four theaters at an average of $40,863 per theater, making it the best limited opening for a film released the United States and Canada in 2015.^[19]

The movie made its international debut in the United Kingdom on February 27, 2015 where it earned $573,290 (£371,142) on 190 screens for the #8 position. The following week, the film dropped two spots to #10 with a weekend gross of $346,005 (£229,927) from 240 screens.

As of April 5, the movie has a domestic gross of $8.9 million and an international gross of $1.6 million for a worldwide total of $10.3 million.^[20][21][22]

Critical response[edit]

It Follows received widespread critical acclaim,^[23] with critics praising the direction, acting, plot, score, cinematography, and old-fashioned scares. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, it holds a 96% "Certified Fresh" approval rating with an average score of 8.2/10, based on 171 reviews. The critical consensus states: "Smart, original, and above all terrifying, It Follows is the rare modern horror film that works on multiple levels — and leaves a lingering sting."^[24] On review aggregator website Metacritic, the film has an average rating of 83/100 based on 37 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".^[25]

Peter Debruge of Variety gave a positive review, saying, "Starting off strong before losing its way in the end, this stylish, suspenseful chiller should significantly broaden Mitchell’s audience without disappointing his early supporters in the slightest."^[26] David Rooney of The Hollywood Reporter said, "Creepy, suspenseful and sustained, this skillfully made lo-fi horror movie plays knowingly with genre tropes and yet never winks at the audience, giving it a refreshing face-value earnestness that makes it all the more gripping."^[27] Tim Robey of The Telegraphgave the film five out of five stars and said, "With its marvellously suggestive title and thought-provoking exploration of sex, this indie chiller is a contemporary horror fan's dream come true."^[28] Ignatiy Vishnevetsky ofThe A.V. Club said, "Despite all the fun-to-unpack ideas swirling around Mitchell’s premise, this is first and foremost a showcase for his considerable talents as a widescreen visual stylist, which are most apparent in the movie’s deftly choreographed, virtuoso 360 degree pans."^[29] Mike Pereira of Bloody Disgusting described the film as a "creepy, mesmerizing exercise in minimalist horror" and labelled it "a classical horror masterpiece".^[30]Michael Nordine of Vice also offered significant praise for the film, naming it "the best horror film in years".^[31]Critic Mark Frauenfelder called the film "the best horror film in over a decade".^[32]

Sequel[edit]

Following the film's success, Radius-TWC co-president Tom Quinn announced that the studio is looking into a possible sequel.^[33] Quinn has expressed the idea of flipping the concept of the first film around, with Maika Monroe's Jay or another protagonist going down the chain to find the origin of "it".^[34]

See also[edit]

• The Entity, a 1981 supernatural horror film that also deals with spectrophilia.

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• Official website
• It Follows at the Internet Movie Database
• It Follows at Rotten Tomatoes
• It Follows at Metacritic
• It Follows at Box Office Mojo

Insidious: Chapter 3
Theatrical release poster
Directed by	Leigh Whannell
Produced by	Jason Blum Oren Peli James Wan
Screenplay by	Leigh Whannell
Starring	Dermot Mulroney Stefanie Scott Angus Sampson Leigh Whannell Hayley Kiyoko Lin Shaye
Music by	Joseph Bishara
Cinematography	Brian Pearson
Edited by	Timothy Alverson
Production company	Automatik Entertainment Blumhouse Productions Entertainment One
Distributed by	Focus Features Gramercy Pictures[1] Stage 6 Films
Release dates	June 5, 2015
Running time	97 minutes[2]
Country	United States
Language	English
Budget	$10 million[3]
Box office	$109.5 million[4]

Insidious: Chapter 3 is a 2015 American supernatural horror filmwritten and directed by Leigh Whannell in his directorial debut. It is a prequel to the first two films and the third installment in theInsidious film series. The film stars Dermot Mulroney and Stefanie Scott, with Angus Sampson, Whannell, and Lin Shaye reprising their roles from the previous films.

It was released on June 5, 2015 and has grossed over $109 million.

Plot[edit]

This article's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. (July 2015)

A few years before the haunting of the Lambert family, Elise Rainier reluctantly agrees to use her spiritual ability to contact the dead to help Quinn Brenner, a teenage girl whose mother Lillith has recently died. Quinn believes that Lillith has been attempting to reach out to her through the spirit world so she visits Elise for a reading. Elise is unable to complete the reading; she stops after hearing a demonic presence who threatens to kill her. She warns Quinn to stop trying to reach out to her mother on her own and that if "you call out to one of the dead, all of them can hear you."

Soon after, Quinn begins to hear noises at night and notices more supernatural occurrences. She skips school the next day to audition for a theater academy in New York. Before going onstage, she notices a dark figure waving to her offstage. She ends up botching her audition however, due to her overbearing father giving her responsibilities like taking care of her brother, Alex, and managing the house, which made it impossible for her to memorize her lines. Later that night, she meets with her friend Maggie, and discusses her unhappiness with her father's strictness and his lack of enthusiasm over her dreams. As they cross the street, Quinn sees the same dark figure waving down the street and stops to look, causing her to be hit by a car. The accident temporarily leaves her in a wheelchair with two broken legs in casts. Her father, Sean, puts her in bed, with a bell to ring if she needs him. That night, she is woken by the sound of the bell ringing by itself. The following night, she hears a knock on her wall. Assuming it is her next door neighbor Hector, she knocks back and he copies her. Quinn texts Hector, who reveals that he isn't home. Fearing it was someone else next door, she goes to bed.

These paranormal occurrences become more frequent, and each time, Sean saves her. The demon becomes more visible: a corpse of a burn victim with a breathing mask, who makes a rattling noise. At one point, the demon brings Quinn up to the upstairs apartment, where she sees a faceless, limbless version of herself. Sean rushes up to the apartment and follows the bloody footprints to the broken window. A man is lying on the pavement below, as if he committed suicide by jumping out. As Quinn goes to observe the window, the demon grabs Quinn and tries to pull her over the ledge. Sean saves her, but her neck is injured in the process. Sean contacts Elise, who hesitantly enters the spiritual realm (which she calls "The Further"). She finds herself afraid and the spirit of Parker Crane/Bride in Black nearly kills her. She is brought back to living world terrified, and refuses to continue. Sean has no choice but to call in someone else, a pair of bloggers, at the behest of his son: Specs and Tucker. Meanwhile at a Chinese restaurant, Elise seeks solace from her friend Carl, who shares her "gift". Carl reassures her that she is much stronger than she believes because she is a living being.

After a terrifying experience with Quinn and the demon, Specs and Tucker attempt to withdraw from the case but Elise, now willing to help, appears, more powerful and confident. She reveals that the demon isn't like others she's encountered. While most spirits from the Further seek to find bodies to possess so they can live again, this demon chooses to drag pure living souls into the Further so it can torture them. In the Further, Elise sets free the spirit of a girl the demon had captured years before and overcomes the Bride in Black. The Demon takes the form of Elise's dead husband, Jack, who killed himself a year ago, in an attempt to trick her into killing herself so they can be together. After a tearful reunion, Elise realizes that it is actually the Demon, and easily defeats him, but it grabs hold of a faceless version of Quinn. This version of Quinn is revealed to be the half of Quinn's soul that the demon controls. Elise returns to the living world, and tells the group that this part of the battle must be fought by Quinn alone. However, Quinn is losing the battle, as her alternate version gains more of her features. Elise hears the voice of the wife of the Brenner's neighbor who had died the other night, leading her to Quinn's diary, which contains a letter that Lillith wanted her to read before she graduated. The power from this letter helps guide Lillith to save Quinn and banish the demon. Lillith leaves her with some parting words and the family is finally reunited, while Specs and Tucker join Elise to deal with other supernatural disturbances.

Elise heads home to find that her husband's spirit has left his sweater on the bed. Overwhelmed with emotion, she holds his sweater close. Her dog then begins to bark into the darkness, where an ominous face peers back at her. As Elise gazes at the small face, then the Red-Faced Demon from the first film pops out next to her.

Cast[edit]

Production[edit]

Premiere at the TCL Chinese Theatre in Hollywood (June 4th 2015)

On September 15, 2013, a third installment in the Insidious series was announced, with Leigh Whannell signed on to return as writer, and Jason Blum and Oren Peli set to produce.^[5] When asked about returning for another sequel, actor Patrick Wilson went on to say that he "[doesn't] know where else it could go", and that "[Josh Lambert has] been through the wringer, and I think the movie sets it up well at the end [...] And that's great, that's how it should end."^[6] On November 13, 2013, it was announced Focus Features and Stage 6 Films would release the film on April 3, 2015. The date was later moved to May 29, 2015.^[7][8]

On March 11, 2014, Screen Rant reported that the third film would not focus on the Lamberts, but on a new family and story, and would not connect to the last scene in the second film. It was also reported that both Whannell and Angus Sampson would return as ghost hunters Specs and Tucker, along with Lin Shaye as Elise.^[9] On May 7, 2014, Wan tweeted that Whannell would direct the third film, which marks his directorial debut.^[10] In June 2014, Stefanie Scott and Dermot Mulroney were cast in the film.^[11][12] On September 22, 2014, during the Cinema Diverse Film Festival in Palm Springs, actress Ele Keats said she had recently wrapped an undisclosed supporting role in the film.^[13]

Filming[edit]

Principal photography began on July 9, 2014,^[14] in Los Angeles under the title "Into The Further", on a scheduled 29 day shoot.^[15] Several scenes were shot in the San Fernando Valley at the Delfino Studios in Sylmar, where the Brenner apartment's interiors were built.^[15]

A first look image was released on July 22, 2014.^[16] Filming wrapped on August 18, 2014.^[17]

Music[edit]

The musical score for Insidious: Chapter 3 is composed by Joseph Bishara, who composed the music for the previous installments.^[18] A soundtrack album for the film was released digitally on June 5, 2015 by Void Recordings.^[19]

Marketing and promotion[edit]

A first teaser poster was released online on September 18, 2014, featuring a grey wall with a vent and the red text "The man who can't breathe, the man who lives in the vents, I heard him saying your name last night, I heard him in your room while you were gone, he's in there right now, standing in your room."^[20] The first teaser trailer for the film was released by Focus Features on October 23, 2014.^[21] The same day director Leigh Whannellinvited fans to join him for a live Q&A session on the movie's official Facebook page.^[22] A few days later, on October 28, 2014 the same Facebook page reached 4 million fans.^[23] On December 17, 2014, fans were invited to connect with Insidious on Kik Messenger for exclusive content.^[24]

On March 16, 2015, Focus Features debuted a teaser for the full official trailer that was eventually released the following day, on March 17, 2015, during a series of launch events in selected cities, including Miami (where lead star Stefanie Scott held a Q&A session), Chicago (with supporting actress Hayley Kiyoko in attendance), and New York City (where Fangoria Magazine hosted a Q&A session with Lin Shaye).^[25] A new poster featuring Stefanie Scott was also released the same day.^[26] On July 3, 2014, Focus Features moved the already announced US theatrical release date from April 3 to May 29, 2015.^[27] On December 10, 2014, the distribution company announced that the theatrical release date had been moved back again from May 29 to June 5, 2015.^[28]

On May 20, 2015, Focus Features relaunched their Gramercy Pictures label for action, horror, and science fiction movies. Insidious: Chapter 3 was the first release from the revived Gramercy.^[1]

Reception[edit]

Box office[edit]

As of July 14, 2015, Insidious: Chapter 3 has grossed $52,059,219 million in North America and $55,200,000 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $107,259,219 against a reported budget of $10 million.^[4]

In North America, the film made $1.6 million from its early Thursday night showings, from 2,150 theaters,^[3] and $10.4 million on its opening day, from 3,003 theaters.^[29] It finished at third place in its opening weekend, earning $23 million behind fellow opener Spy and holdover San Andreas.^[30]

Outside North America, Insidious: Chapter 3 grossed $14.3 million in its opening weekend, from 42 countries on 2,989 screens, also finishing in third place behind San Andreas and Spy.^[31] It had the biggest opening for a horror film in the Philippines ($1.5 million) and in Vietnam ($620,000), the second-biggest in Malaysia ($1.6 million), and had similarly successful openings in Russia and the CIS ($2.7 million).^[31] Mexico opened with $1.8 million and India with $620,000.^[32]

Critical response[edit]

The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes lists a 60% approval rating, based on 93 reviews, with a rating average of 5.5/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Insidious: Chapter 3 isn't as terrifying as the original, although it boasts surprising thematic depth and is enlivened by another fine performance from Lin Shaye."^[33] OnMetacritic, which assigns a normalized rating, the film has a score of 52 out of 100, based on 26 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".^[34] In CinemaScore polls, cinema audiences gave the film an average score of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.^[29]

Daniel Krupa of IGN awarded it a score of 7.1 out of 10, saying "Insidious: Chapter 3 is the most focussed, dark, and creepy installment of the series to date."^[35] Scott Foundas of Variety gave the film a negative review, saying "Chief among things that go bump in the night in Insidious: Chapter 3 is the movie itself - a thuddingly dull prequel to James Wan's very enjoyable (and highly profitable) demonic-possession horror franchise."^[36] Justin Lowe of The Hollywood Reporter gave the film a positive review, saying "Insidious: Chapter 3 offers a relatable young protagonist and several key supporting players from the prior films in a nimble setup to the series."^[37]Kyle Anderson of Entertainment Weekly gave the film a B+, saying "Insidious Chapter 3 is the worst kind of sequel: Not terrible, but also cartoonishly unnecessary."^[38] Michael Ordoña of the San Francisco Chronicle rated it zero out of four stars, saying "Insidious: Chapter 3 is simply not scary. Not a bit, not a whit. Except that the audience will be terrified of the next stabbing of their eardrums, at generally predictable intervals."^[39] Michael O'Sullivan of The Washington Post gave the film one and a half stars out of four, saying "The Insidious franchise, after three attempts to exorcise its real demons, still can't seem to shake what really haunts it: the ghost of B-movies past."^[40] Peter Howell of the Toronto Star gave the film two and a half stars out of four, saying "This prequel to the shriek hell, directed and scripted by series writer/actor Leigh Whannell, manages to avoid the Curse of the Triple Cash Grab."^[41]

Kerry Lengel of The Arizona Republic gave the film three out of five stars, saying "Insidious: Chapter 3 is almost more a spoof of a classic like The Exorcist than it is an homage. It's not scary horror, it's silly horror, and the audience is in on the joke."^[42] Stephen Whitty of the Newark Star-Ledger gave the film two and a half stars, saying "You need more than a few sudden noises and scary shocks to make a good horror movie. But Insidious: Chapter Three is at least an OK horror movie."^[43] James Berardinelli of ReelViews gave the film two and a half out of four stars, saying "They say the third time's the charm. Not with the Insidious series, it isn't. Admittedly, installment #3 is an improvement over #2, but it fails to reach the highs of the chilling-but-uneven original."^[44]Tim Robey of The Telegraph gave the film four out of five stars, saying "It manages the all-important jump scares with the finesse of a skilled stage illusionist, but it’s the surprisingly sincere emotional core that makes it the pick of the series."^[45] Katie Rife of The A.V. Club gave the film a B-, saying "The motif of grief runs throughoutInsidious: Chapter 3, which is surprisingly thematically rich for the third installment of a horror franchise. This emotional undercurrent informs the fright scenes, which otherwise lean rather heavily on jump scares."^[46] Bilge Ebiri of New York Magazine gave the film a negative review, saying "This is so often the problem with this genre — scary setups, followed by dopey resolutions — that you sort of want to give the movie a pass. But given its distinguished forebears, Insidious: Chapter 3 doesn’t quite live up to expectations."^[47]

Possible sequel[edit]

In an interview Leigh Whannell was asked "If there is a forth Insidious film, would that be a sequel to Chapter 3, another prequel to the original or will it continue in this timeline or go to a whole new timeline?" Whannell stated: "I don’t know. I haven’t really thought about it yet. But for the purposes of this interview, I’ll say that I’d like to explore the time between this film and the first film. That whole area there where Elise has rediscovered her gift, I think you could have a lot of adventures before she arrives. So I think there is a lot of room there. We’ve kind of established Lin [Shaye] in this particular film as kind of this superhero, so that would be kind of interesting to explore in the other films."^[48]

See also[edit]

• List of ghost films

References[edit]